= Non-logical particle, translatable as “as for…” / “im Bezug auf… ”

“Queen” of a sentence.

= the ‘excluding’ topic marker (-> contrasting to other topic)

Function §

• can conceal logical particles (-> Particle ∅) by indicating the topic
  • e.g.,　私は(私が)うなぎです
• can be used to give comments (or contrast) to a topic
  • e.g.,　私はケーキが好きです

Does not:

• indicate the doer of an action (Subject (Japanese))