🗣 Natural language

= language that has evolved naturally

Phenomena

  • Subcategorization
    • verbs can take certain complements
    • but can also have number of optional modifiers
      • e.g. “I sleep here”, “I hardly ever sleep here”
  • Agreement
    • main verb agrees with person and number
      • e.g. “We drive a car”, “He drives a car”
  • Movement
    • certain constituents can be moved around
    • e.g. “He drove back”, “Back he drove”
  • Coordination
    • phrases can be conjoined by means of and and or
    • “John and Nick drove home”